CONTENT PAPER 1
1 Cell Structure
1.1 The Microscope in cell Studies
1.1.1: Microscopes, Magnification and units
1.1.2: Microscopy with stage micrometer and eyepiece graticule scale
1.2 Cells as the Basic Units of Living Organisms
1.2.1: Organelles
1.2.2: ATP
1.2.3: Prokaryotic cell
1.2.4: Virus
2 Biological Molecules
2.1 Testing for Biological Molecules
2.1.1: Test for carbohydrates
2.1.2: Test for Lipids
2.1.3: Test for proteins
2.2 Carbohydrates and Lipid
2.2.1: Carbohydrates
2.2.2: Lipids
2.3 Proteins
2.4 Water
3 Enzymes
3.1 Mode of action of Enzymes
3.1.1: Structure
3.1.2: Mode of action
3.2 Factors that Affect Enzyme Action
3.2.1: Factors
3.2.2: Michaelis Menten constant
3.2.3: Inhibitors
3.2.4: Immobalized enzymes
4 Cell Membranes and Transport
4.1 Fluid mosaic Membranes
4.1.1: Structure and Function
4.1.2: Cell signalling
4.2 Movement into and out of Cells
4.2.1: Diffusion osmosis and active transport
4.2.2: Surface area to volume ratio
4.2.3: Water Potential
5 The Mitotic Cell Cycle
5.1 Replication and Division of Nuclei and Cells
5.1.1: Structure of chromosome
5.1.2: Cell cycle
5.1.3: Telomeres
5.1.4: Cancer and stem cells
5.2 Chromosome Behaviour in Mitosis
6 Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesis
6.1 Structure of Nucleic Acids and Replication of DNA
6.1.1: Structure of nucleotide
6.1.2: Structure of DNA
6.1.3: Semi conservative DNA
6.1.4: Structure of RNA
6.2 Protein Synthesis
6.2.1: Genetic code
6.2.2: Transcription and Translation
6.2.3: Gene Mutation
7 Transport in Plants
7.1 Structure of Transport Tissues
7.1.1: Structure of root, stem and leaf
7.1.2: Xylem
7.1.3: Phloem
7.2 Transport Mechanisms
7.2.1: Transport of water
7.2.2: Transpiration
7.2.3: Xerophytic plants
7.2.4: Transport of assimilates
8 Transport in Mammals
8.1 The Circulatory System
8.1.1: Double circulation
8.1.2: Blood vessels
8.1.3: Blood cells
8.1.4: Tissue fluid
8.2 Transport of Oxygen and Carbondioxide
8.2.1: Transport of gases
8.2.2: Bohar shift and dissociation curve
8.3 The Heart
8.3.1: Structure
8.3.2: Working of Heart/ Cardiac cycle
9 Gas Exchange
9.1 The gas Exchange System
9.1.1: Structure
9.1.2: Gas exchange in alveoli
10 Infection Diseases
10.1 Infectious Diseases
10.1.1: Cholera
10.1.2: Malaria
10.1.3: Tuberculosis
10.1.4: HIV
10.2 Antibiotics
11 Immunity
11.1 The immune System
11.2 Antibodies and Vaccination
11.2.1: Structure of antibodies
11.2.2: Monoclonal antibodies
11.2.3: Types of immunity
11.2.4: vaccination
Answer Keys
