O Level 5090 Biology Paper 4 Topical 2009-2022 | with Mark Scheme | Iram Habib Malik

1. Cell structure and organisation
1.1 Plant and animal cells
1.2 Specialised cells, tissues and organs
2. Diffusion and osmosis
2.1 Diffusion
2.2 Osmosis
2.3 Active transport
3. Enzymes
3.1 Enzyme action
3.2 Effects of temperature and pH
4. Plant nutrition
4.1 Photosynthesis
4.2 Leaf structure
4.3 Mineral nutrition
5. Animal nutrition
5.1 Nutrients
5.2 Diet
5.3 World food supplies
5.4 Human alimentary canal
5.5 Chemical digestion
5.6 Absorption and assimilation
6. Transport in flowering plants
6.1 Water and ion uptake
6.2 Transpiration and translocation
7. Transport in humans
7.1 Circulatory system
8. Respiration
8.1 Aerobic respiration
8.2 Anaerobic respiration
8.3 Human gas exchange
9. Excretion
9.1 Structure and function of kidneys
9.2 Kidney dialysis
10. Homeostasis
10.1 Structure and function of the skin
11. Coordination and response
11.1 Nervous system
11.2 Receptors
11.3 Reflex action
11.4 Hormones
12. Support, movement and locomotion
12.1 Bones
12.2 Joints
12.3 Antagonistic muscles

13. The use and abuse of drugs
13.1 Antibiotics
13.2 Effects of heroin
13.3 Effects of alcohol
13.4 Effects of tobacco smoke
14. Microorganisms and biotechnology
14.1 Microorganisms
14.2 Food biotechnology
14.3 Industrial biotechnology
15. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment
15.1 Energy flow
15.2 Food chains and food webs
15.3 Carbon cycle
15.4 Nitrogen cycle
15.5 Parasitism
15.6 Effects of humans on the ecosystem
15.7 Pollution
15.8 Conservation
16. Development of organisms and continuity of life
16.1 Asexual reproduction
16.2 Sexual reproduction in plants
16.3 Sexual reproduction in humans
16.4 Sexually transmitted diseases
17. Inheritance
17.1 Variation
17.2 Chromosomes and DNA
17.3 Monohybrid inheritance
17.4 Selection
17.5 Genetic engineering