O Level Pakistan Studies History and Culture Notes by Sir Zafar Iqbal and Sir Sanaullah

Section 1
The Causes Of The Decline Of Mughal Empire……………………………………………….. 5
The Muslim Religious Reformers………………………………………………………………….... 8
East India Company 1600 – 1873…………………………………………………………………..12
Robert Clive 1725 – 74…………………………………………………………………………………. 12
The doctrine of lapse 1852 & the war of independence 1857……………………… 13
Reasons for the Failure of War of 1857………………………………………………………… 15
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan…………………………………………………………………………………… 16
Languages……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19
Section 2
Muslim League and Reasons for the Formation…………………………………………….21
Muslim League…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
The Minto – Morley Reforms 1909………………………………………………………………. 25
1916 Lucknow Pact………………………………………………………………………………………. 26
Montague – Chelmsford Reforms 1919……………………………………………………….. 27
Important Points of Montague – Chelmsford Reforms 1919……………………….. 28
The Khilafat Movement 1919………………………………………………………………………. 29
Hijrat Movement…………………………………………………………………………………………. 31
Chauri-Chaura Incident………………………………………………………………………………… 31
The End of Khilafat Movement………………………………………………………………………31
Aftermaths of Khilafat Movement…………………………………………………………………32
Rowlett’s Act 1919………………………………………………………………………………………. 33
Amritsar (Massacre) Tragedy 1919………………………………………………………………. 34
Delhi Muslim Proposals – August 1927………………………………………………………… 35
Simon Commission – 1927…………………………………………………………………………… 35
Period (1927 – 1932) Simon Commission – 1927…………………………………………. 36
Nehru Report – 1928……………………………………………………………………………………. 37
Jinnah 14 Points – 1929…………………………………………………………………………………37
Round Table Conference……………………………………………………………………………… 38
Ghandhi – Irwin – Pact 1931………………………………………………………………………… 39
2nd Round Table Conference 1931………………………………………………………………. 39
3rd Round Table Conference 1932………………………………………………………………. 39
Communal Award 1932…………………………………………………………………………………40
The Government of India Act 1935………………………………………………………………. 40
Elections – 1937………………………………………………………………………………………….. 41
Formation of Congress Rule (Ministries)………………………………………………………. 42
Day of Deliverance………………………………………………………………………………………..43
Lahore Resolution………………………………………………………………………………………… 44
Cripps Mission – 1942………………………………………………………………………………….. 45
Quit India Movement -1942…………………………………………………………………………. 46
Gandhi – Jinnah Talks held in September 1944……………………………………………. 46
Simla Conference – 1945……………………………………………………………………………… 47
The Elections Of 1945 – 1946………………………………………………………………………. 47
A Comparison of 1937 and 1945 Elections…………………………………………………….48
Cabinet Mission Plan – 1946………………………………………………………………………… 49
Direct Action Day – 1946……………………………………………………………………………… 51
The 3rd June Plan – 1947……………………………………………………………………………… 51
Radcliffe Award – 1947………………………………………………………………………………… 52
S3
Post Partition Problems Faced by Pakistan…………………………………………………… 54
Important Events During (Years – 1951 – 1958) ……………………………………………58
Ghulam Muhammad 1951 – 55…………………………………………………………………… 59
Mohammad Ali Bogra (April 17, 1953 – AUG, 1955)…………………………………….. 60
Chaudhri Mohammad Ali……………………………………………………………………………… 62
Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy……………………………………………………………………… 63
I.I Chundrigar………………………………………………………………………………………………. 63
M. Feroz khan noon…………………………………………………………………………………….. 64
Ayub Khan 1958 – 1969…………………………………………………………………………………64
General Yahya Khan 1969 – 71………………………………………………………………………69
Causes of the Separation of East Pakistan……………………………………………………..70
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto……………………………………………………………………………………….. 72
General Zia-Ul-Haq……………………………………………………………………………………… 77
Decades Of Democracy………………………………………………………………………………… 81
Benazir Bhutto’s 1st Term as Prime Minister……………………………………………….. 81
Nawaz Sharif 1st Term as Prime Minister (1990 – 1993) ……………………………… 82
Benazir 2nd Term as Prime Minister (1993-1996) ……………………………………….. 82
Nawaz Sharif 2nd Term as Prime Minister…………………………………………………… 83
General Pervez Musharraf 1999 – 2008………………………………………………………. 83
Foreign Relations of Pakistan from 1947 to 1999 Pakistan India Relations…… 88
United State of America………………………………………………………………………………. 89
Relation with USSR………………………………………………………………………………………. 91
Relations with China…………………………………………………………………………………….. 92
Pakistan, Great Britain and the Commonwealth…………………………………………… 93
Pakistan Afghan Relations……………………………………………………………………………. 96
Pakistan Bengladesh Relations…………………………………………………………………….. 96
Pakistan and Iran……………………………………………………………………………………….… 96
Pakistan, Turkey and the Middle East Countries…………………………………………. 97
Pakistan and the United Nations Organization (UNO) ………………………………… 98
Structure of the UNO…………………………………………………………………………………… 99
United Nations Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF) ……………………………………. 99
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization……………….. 99
World Bank………………………………………………………………………………………………….100
Final Revision………………………………………………………………………………………………102
7 Mark(s) Questions…………………………………………………………………………………… 102
14 Mark(s) Questions………………………………………………………………………………… 103
Selected Questions …………………………………………………………………………………… 104